![]() ![]() ![]() Above the epiglottis, find the round opening of the nasopharynx. Locate the epiglottis, a cone-shaped structure at the back of the mouth.The anterior part of the palate is the hard palate, while the posterior part is the soft palate. Observe the palate on the roof of the mouth.Spread the jaws open and examine the tongue.Your incision should extend posteriorly through the jaw. With scissors, make a 3-cm incision in each corner of the pig’s mouth.Carefully lay the pig on one side in your dissecting pan and cut away the skin from the side of the face and upper neck to expose the masseter muscle that works the jaw, lymph nodes, and salivary glands.In the female, the opening is ventral to the anus. In the male, the opening is on the ventral surface of the pig just posterior to the umbilical cord. ![]() Determine the sex of your pig by locating the urogenital opening through which liquid wastes and reproductive cells pass.In the female these structures connect to the mammary glands. Study the ventral surface of the pig and note the tiny bumps called mammary papillary. The two smaller openings are the umbilical arteries which carry blood from the fetus to the placenta. The largest is the umbilical vein, which carries blood from the placenta to the fetus. Examine the 3 openings in the umbilical cord. With scissors, cut across the cord about 1 cm from the body. Count and record the number of toes and the type of hoof the pig has. Study the pig’s appendages and examine the pig’s toes.Locate the eyelids and the external ears or pinnae. Use the length/age chart on this sheet or the inside cover of your dissection manual to determine the age of your fetal pig & record this. Measure your pig’s length from the tip of its snout to the base of its tail and record this on your hand-in. A fetal pig has not been born yet, but its approximate age since conception can be estimated by measuring its length.Also locate the anterior and posterior ends. Lay the pig on its side in the dissecting pan and locate dorsal, ventral,& lateral surfaces. Obtain a fetal pig and rinse off the excess preservative by holding it under running water.Watch your time and be sure to clean up all equipment and working area each day before leaving. ***Wear your lab apron and eye cover at all times. You may have to refer to more than one dissection manual to answer all the questions so trade and share with other dissection groups. Pre-lab: Before observing internal or external structures of the fetal pig, use your dissection manual, textbook, and dissection notebook to answer the pre-lab questions on the fetal pig. Materials: preserved fetal pig, dissecting pan, dissecting kit, dissecting pins, string, plastic bag, metric ruler, paper towels Compare the functions of certain organs in a fetal mammal with those of an adult mammal.Identify major structures associated with a fetal pig’s digestive, respiratory, circulatory, urogenital, & nervous systems.Identify important external structures of the fetal pig anatomy.There is need to advocate for routine veterinary checks and interventions in order to reduce the high level of fetal wastage which call for strategic planning and decision-making on animal food security in Ghana. The results revealed high incidence of fetal losses at the Kumasi abattoir. The percentage of fetal wastage (the total number of fetuses wasted divided by the total number of pigs slaughtered) was 2117(75%) in this study. Most of the fetuses wasted in this study were recorded in the second and third trimester (83.51%). 141(28.20%) sows were slaughtered in January, constituting the highest throughout the period of the study with corresponding fetal loss of 616(76.60%). 2817 pigs were slaughtered during the period of the study with a monthly average of 563.1739(61.73%) were sows and 430(29.27%) were pregnant. Data were subjected to descriptive and quantitative analysis. The ages of the fetuses were estimated using standard technique with the influence of sex, age and breed of pig on fetal loss being evaluated. This study evaluates the fetal losses due to slaughtering of pregnant pigs at the Kumasi abattoir in Kumasi, Ghana. There had been dearth of information on the level of fetal wastages in slaughtered pigs in West African countries other than Nigeria. ![]()
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